PERCEPTIONS AND ADAPTATION: FARMERS’ RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE OF PAKISTAN

Abstract

This study examines how farmers in Pakistan's District Layyah view and react to the increasing effects of climate change on agricultural output. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, gathering valuable insights through field observations, focus groups, interviews, and oral narratives. Farmers frequently noted observable changes in the local climate, such as erratic rainfall, increasing temperatures, protracted droughts, and frequent floods. Traditional agricultural methods, such as planting and harvesting timetables, have been upset by these environmental changes, which have resulted in decreased crop output, an increase in pest infestations, and a rise in animal and crop diseases. Farmers showed a profound understanding of these difficulties, based on both firsthand experience and customary wisdom. Many have started implementing adaptive tactics, such as switching up crop varieties, modifying when to plant, and modifying how to care for livestock. The study also shows that socioeconomic characteristics, including age, education, and information availability, have a significant impact on how well farmers are able to adapt to climate shocks. Despite being frequently left out of official decision-making processes, women are essential to livestock management and bear a greater burden as a result of shifting climate conditions. The results demonstrate how urgently policy interventions that encourage gender-inclusive practices, boost climate-resilient agriculture, and increase farmers' access to climate tools and information are needed. Maintaining livelihoods and building resilience in the face of climate unpredictability require arming rural communities with information, resources, and institutional support.