THE ENERGY-CLIMATE NEXUS: AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EMERGING ECONOMIES

Abstract

Developing nations are facing the enormous challenge of energy needs of all people in the regions and at the same time these countries are moving their energy sources to renewables and building energy resilience. The present study delves into one of the central aspects of the world map of fairness i.e. those countries that are responsible for less than 4% of total historic emissions of the atmosphere and are the most susceptible to energy infrastructure failure caused by climate impacts. The research is done through a multimodal approach which involves macroeconomic modeling, econometric analysis of 50 countries from 2000 to 2025, and three case studies of Pakistan, Vietnam, and Bangladesh for identifying the major structural barriers. The referred paper, among others, points to the insufficient climate financing and the trade tariffs which not only increase the transition costs but also make the change harder.

One of the core results is the strong, statistically significant negative correlation between climate vulnerability and energy security (β = -0.32, p < 0.01). The research strongly supports the implementation of efficient carbon pricing, stating that using its revenues for recycling could create a fiscal 'double dividend' for financing climate-resilient infrastructure. The research identifies a feasible concerted strategy with the help of three main components: risk-informed planning, market-based fiscal reforms, and the selective use of international aid to help disadvantaged countries that face the most profound inequities.