GENERATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN EMPLOYEE TURNOVER INTENTION: EVIDENCE FROM SMES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Employee turnover remains a persistent challenge for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), particularly in developing regions such as Balochistan, Pakistan. Despite the economic significance of SMEs, limited empirical attention has been given to generational differences in turnover intention within this context. This exploratory study examines how different generational cohorts (Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z) vary in their turnover-related attitudes. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey design and purposive sampling, data were collected from 50 SME employees across selected districts of Balochistan. The study focuses on key antecedents including job satisfaction, organizational justice, perceived organizational support, work-life balance, compensation, career development, and job security. Findings are interpreted as preliminary and indicative, offering initial insights into generational patterns in employee retention. The findings provide preliminary insights into generational differences in turnover intention and offer practical implications for SME managers in Balochistan. The study contributes to the limited empirical literature on employee retention in developing regional contexts.